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How to make a spoon

This tutorial is aimed for those who wish to learn to create 3D models of complicated objects. This is a tutorial for those who wish to practice a modeling technique before starting a more complicated project such as modeling of a human head.

In this tutorial we'll create a 3D model of a spoon like in picture 1. The spoon will be created by using a poly modeling and subdivision surface techniques. The modeling starts from a single polygon and the model is created by adding polygons to it with several different methods. The purpose of this tutorial is not to create the spoon as effectively as possible, but to familiarize you with poly modeling and the essential tools of Edit Poly modifier. This tutorial covers the use of the following tools:

• break vertex
• weld vertices
• weld edges
• copy edge
• chamfer edge
• create polygon
• cut polygon
• slice polygon
• extrude polygon

Edit Poly Sub-Object Modes

In this poly modeling tutorial we'll work in the following sub-object modes of Edit Poly modifier:

Vertex sub-object mode: selections and operations are applied to vertices.

Edge sub-object mode: selections and operations are applied to edges.

Border sub-object mode: you can select all edges on the edge of the object at once.

Polygon sub-object mode: selections and operations are applied to polygons.

When modeling with polygons, it's important to understand the meaning of different sub-object modes and to be able to switch between them when necessary. Keyboard shortcuts for the sub-object modes mentioned above are 1-4.

3DS Modifiers

As an addition to Edit Poly modifier this poly modeling tutorial covers the use of the following modifiers:

Symmetry - modifier can be used to mirror an object and therefore half of a symmetrical object can be created automatically.

Meshsmooth - modifier smoothens a 3D model. In practice it means that we can crate a coarse model and let the Meshmooth modifier to smoothen it by creating a subdivision surface out of it.

Useful Keyboard Shortcuts in 3D Studio MAX

While creating a 3D model it's often helpful to switch between wireframe rendering and shaded rendering (Smooth+Highlights) and to make edges of the objects visible. Keyboard shortcuts for these functions are:

F3 - Smooth+Highlights rendering / Wireframe rendering

F4 - Make edges visible (only applies to shaded rendering)

1. Begin Poly Modeling

The modeling starts from the handle of the spoon.

A Create a Plane object in the Left view according to picture 2.

B Set the width and length segments of the Plane to 1. Now you have created a single four sided polygon. This way the modeling starts from a single polygon.

2. Modeling With Edit Poly

A Add Edit Poly modifier to the Plane object.

B Activate the edge sub-object mode in the Edit Poly modifier.

C Select the left-hand edge and create a new polygon by cloning it to the left according to picture 3. (An edge is cloned by moving it while pressing Shift in keyboard.)

When a polygon is created by cloning an edge it's always four-sided. A polygon can also have three sides or more than four sides. As a rule of thumb one could say that in poly modeling it's wise to aim to create the model with four-sided polygons. With four-sided polygons one can create a surface that is flawless and deforms nicely when animated. This is especially important when modeling a character.

3. New Polys by Cloning Edges

Select four edges and create new polygons by cloning them according to picture 4.

12. Add Details With Chamfer

The edge of the spoon is too round. Let's add some definition to it with the Chamfer function. Chamfer function can be used to chamfer an edge so that it divides into two edges:

A Activate the edge sub-object mode in Edit Poly and select six edges from the upper part of the spoon according to picture 1.

B Click on Chamfer button. Click and hold the mouse button on top of some of the selected edges and move the mouse. The result should look like in picture 2.

13. Break Vertices

The spoon still needs more details:

A Activate the vertex sub-object mode in Edit Poly and select two vertices according to picture 3.

B Click Break button in Edit Poly modifier. Break function divides the common vertex of the polygons. As a result there are as many vertices as there are corners of the polygons.

14. Move Vertices

Two vertices have become eight vertices. Place vertices according to picture 4.

15. Weld With Target Weld

Weld vertices which are close to each other by using Target Weld function according to picture 5.

16. Cut Polygons

Activate the edge sub-object mode in Edit Poly and use the Cut function twice to divide a polygon into three parts according to picture 6. In this situation the Cut function works like this:

• Activate Cut function in Edit Poly
• Click on the edge of the polygon
• Click on the opposite edge of the polygon
• Right click to deactivate the Cut function

(Cut-function could also be used to Cut a polygon between a vertex and an edge.)

17. Move Vertices

Shape the spoon by activating the vertex sub-object mode in Edit Poly and by moving vertices according to picture 7.

18. Create New Polygons

Next the hole in the spoon will be filled. Activate the polygon sub-object mode in Edit Poly and create three new four-sided polygons according to picture 8. A new polygon is created like this:

1. Click the Create button in Edit Poly
2. Click on the vertex where the first corner of the polygon will be
3. Click on the vertex where the second corner of the polygon will be
4. Click on the vertex where the third corner of the polygon will be
5. Click twice on the vertex where the fourth corner of the polygon will be

19. Shape the Spoon

A Orbit the user view so that you can see the bottom of the spoon.

B Activate the vertex sub-object mode in Edit Poly and shape the lower part of the spoon by moving vertices according to picture 9.

20. Definition With Slice Plane

Next we'll add more definition to the handle of the spoon. We'll use the Slice function and slice polygons according to picture 10:

A Activate the polygon sub-object mode in Edit Poly and select four polygons according to picture 10.

B Activate the Slice Plane function. A yellow plane appears. If necessary move and rotate the yellow plane according to picture 10.

D Click the Slice button. The selected polygons are now sliced according to the slice plane. Finally click the Slice Plane button again to deactivate it.

21. Shape the Handle

Activate the vertex sub-object mode in Edit Poly and shape the handle of the spoon by moving vertices according to picture 11.

22. Polygons With Scale Function

A Orbit the user view to match picture 12, activate the edge sub-object mode in Edit Poly and select four edges surrounding the hole in the end of the spoon.

B Activate Scale function in the top panel. Press Shift in keyboard and create new polygons by cloning the selected edges with the scale tool. The result should be similar to picture 12.

23. Clone Edges

Create two new polygons by cloning edges according to picture 13.

24. Edit Poly's Target Weld

A Activate the edge sub-object mode and Target Weld function in Edit Poly.

B First click on the lower edge and then click on the upper edge. Edges are welded together according to picture 14. Finally click on Target Weld button again to deactivate it.

25. Fill the Hole

Fill the hole in the end by activating the polygon sub-object mode in Edit Poly and using the Create function to create a four-sided polygon according to picture 15.

26. Move Vertices to the Center

A Switch to the Back view and activate the vertex sub-object mode in Edit Poly.

B Select three vertices in the end of the spoon and place them in to the center of the spoon according to picture 16.

27. Edit Poly's Extrude

Let's extend the handle of the spoon.

A Activate the polygon sub-object mode in Edit Poly and select all seven polygons from the end of the spoon according to picture 17.

B Click on the Extrude button. Click and hold the mouse button on top of the polygons and move the mouse.

C Place the new polygons according to picture 18.

28. Remove Unnecessary Polys

Because of the Extrude function there are four unnecessary polygons in the handle of the spoon. Select the unnecessary polygons according to picture 19 and erase them by pressing delete button in keyboard.

29. The 3D Model of a Spoon is Complete

Now the 3D model of the spoon is complete and it's structure should match the structure of the spoon in picture 20. Finalize the spoon by moving polygons, edges and vertices. View the model from all angles, fix errors and shape the spoon to your liking.

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